莘縣(xian)某建(jian)設公司訴山東(dong)某置業公司建(jian)設工(gong)程施工(gong)合同糾(jiu)紛(fen)案-出(chu)借資質的承(cheng)包人具(ju)有原告(gao)主(zhu)體資格(ge)
人民法院(yuan)案(an)例庫(ku) 入庫(ku)編號：2024-01-2-115-001
關鍵詞
民事(shi)/建設工程施工合同糾紛/起訴/出借資質(zhi)
基本案情
山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省莘縣(xian)某(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司經過招投標，與發包人(ren)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)某(mou)置(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司簽(qian)訂建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)工程(cheng)施(shi)工合同，由仇(chou)某(mou)某(mou)負責(ze)施(shi)工建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，工程(cheng)竣工后(hou)未經驗收結算即(ji)交(jiao)付(fu)使用。后(hou)因案(an)涉工程(cheng)對外欠付(fu)他人(ren)材料款、勞動報酬，引發多起(qi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)，相關法(fa)院判決莘縣(xian)某(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司對案(an)涉工程(cheng)的相關欠款承擔(dan)還(huan)款責(ze)任。莘縣(xian)某(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司于(yu)2019年向(xiang)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省聊城市中(zhong)級人(ren)民(min)法(fa)院提起(qi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)，請求(qiu)判令：1.山(shan)東(dong)(dong)某(mou)置(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司支(zhi)付(fu)莘縣(xian)某(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司工程(cheng)款 34750920 元及利息（利息以 34750920 元為(wei)基(ji)數自起(qi)訴(su)之(zhi)日(ri)至(zhi)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)某(mou)置(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司實際(ji)付(fu)款之(zhi)日(ri)止）；2.依法(fa)確認莘縣(xian)某(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司對上述工程(cheng)款享(xiang)有優(you)先(xian)受(shou)償權；3.本(ben)案(an)全部費用由山(shan)東(dong)(dong)某(mou)置(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司承擔(dan)。
聊(liao)城市中(zhong)級人民法(fa)院認(ren)為，生效判決(jue)已(yi)認(ren)定(ding)(ding)莘(xin)縣(xian)某建設(she)(she)公(gong)司出(chu)借資質(zhi)給(gei)仇某軍(jun)的(de)事實，實際履行案涉合(he)同的(de)是(shi)仇某軍(jun)，莘(xin)縣(xian)某建設(she)(she)公(gong)司違法(fa)出(chu)借資質(zhi)、未(wei)參與施工，對案涉合(he)同無合(he)法(fa)權益。于2020年8月(yue)26日作(zuo)出(chu)（2020）魯15民初18號民事裁(cai)定(ding)(ding)：駁(bo)回(hui)莘(xin)縣(xian)某建設(she)(she)公(gong)司的(de)起訴。
莘縣(xian)某建設公(gong)司(si)(si)以(yi)其(qi)(qi)是與本案有直(zhi)接利害關系的合同相(xiang)對人，且(qie)已因案涉(she)合同及其(qi)(qi)履行而被(bei)其(qi)(qi)他法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)判決承(cheng)擔還款(kuan)責任(ren)并對外(wai)支(zhi)付了巨額工(gong)程款(kuan)，其(qi)(qi)有權向山(shan)(shan)東某置業(ye)公(gong)司(si)(si)主張(zhang)工(gong)程款(kuan)。一(yi)(yi)審(shen)裁(cai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)駁(bo)回起訴(su)屬于事(shi)(shi)實認定(ding)(ding)(ding)和適用法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律錯誤為理(li)由(you)提出(chu)上(shang)訴(su)。山(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)級人民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于2020年(nian)10月30日作出(chu)（2020）魯(lu)民(min)(min)終2732號(hao)(hao)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)裁(cai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)：駁(bo)回上(shang)訴(su)，維持原裁(cai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。莘縣(xian)某建設公(gong)司(si)(si)向最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)申請(qing)再審(shen)。最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)人民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于2022年(nian)6月27日作出(chu)（2022）最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)民(min)(min)再96號(hao)(hao)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)裁(cai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)：一(yi)(yi)、撤銷(xiao)山(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)級人民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)（2020）魯(lu)民(min)(min)終2732號(hao)(hao)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)裁(cai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)及山(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)(sheng)聊(liao)城(cheng)市中級人民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)（2020）魯(lu)15民(min)(min)初18號(hao)(hao)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)裁(cai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。二、指令山(shan)(shan)東省(sheng)(sheng)聊(liao)城(cheng)市中級人民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對本案進行審(shen)理(li)。
裁判理由
法院生效裁判認(ren)為，本(ben)案爭議焦(jiao)點在于(yu)莘縣某建(jian)設公(gong)司是(shi)否具有(you)提起(qi)本(ben)案訴(su)訟的原告主(zhu)體資格。原審裁定以莘縣某建(jian)設公(gong)司不是(shi)實際施工人，對案涉合(he)同無合(he)法權益(yi)，進而駁(bo)回莘縣某建(jian)設公(gong)司的起(qi)訴(su)，適(shi)用法律是(shi)否正確。
《中華(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共和(he)(he)(he)國民(min)事(shi)訴(su)訟法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》第一(yi)(yi)百二(er)十(shi)二(er)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，起(qi)訴(su)必須(xu)符合(he)(he)(he)(he)下(xia)列條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件：（一(yi)(yi)）原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)是(shi)與(yu)(yu)本(ben)(ben)案(an)有(you)(you)直接利(li)(li)害關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)民(min)、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)(he)其他(ta)組(zu)織；（二(er)）有(you)(you)明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)被告(gao)(gao)；（三(san)(san)）有(you)(you)具(ju)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)訴(su)訟請(qing)求和(he)(he)(he)事(shi)實(shi)、理(li)(li)由；（四(si)）屬于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)受(shou)理(li)(li)民(min)事(shi)訴(su)訟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)和(he)(he)(he)受(shou)訴(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)管轄(xia)。莘(xin)(xin)(xin)縣(xian)(xian)某(mou)(mou)(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)符合(he)(he)(he)(he)上述法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)訴(su)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件，具(ju)有(you)(you)提起(qi)本(ben)(ben)案(an)訴(su)訟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)主(zhu)體資(zi)(zi)(zi)格。首先，莘(xin)(xin)(xin)縣(xian)(xian)某(mou)(mou)(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)是(shi)基于(yu)其與(yu)(yu)山(shan)東(dong)某(mou)(mou)(mou)置業公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)簽(qian)(qian)訂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)》等(deng)證(zheng)據(ju)提起(qi)本(ben)(ben)案(an)訴(su)訟，莘(xin)(xin)(xin)縣(xian)(xian)某(mou)(mou)(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)是(shi)案(an)涉《建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簽(qian)(qian)約主(zhu)體和(he)(he)(he)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，與(yu)(yu)山(shan)東(dong)某(mou)(mou)(mou)置業公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)具(ju)有(you)(you)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)害關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，符合(he)(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)起(qi)訴(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件。其次，法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)并(bing)未(wei)(wei)就出借(jie)(jie)資(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)訴(su)權問(wen)題作(zuo)出禁止性(xing)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。《最(zui)高人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)(guan)于(yu)審(shen)理(li)(li)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)糾(jiu)紛案(an)件適用(yong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解釋》第一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)：建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)具(ju)有(you)(you)下(xia)列情形之一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，應當依(yi)據(ju)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)典(dian)第一(yi)(yi)百五十(shi)三(san)(san)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)第一(yi)(yi)款(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)無(wu)(wu)(wu)效(xiao)(xiao)：（一(yi)(yi)）承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)未(wei)(wei)取得建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業企業資(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或者(zhe)超(chao)越資(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；（二(er)）沒有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)借(jie)(jie)用(yong)有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)企業名義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；（三(san)(san)）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)必須(xu)進行招標(biao)而(er)未(wei)(wei)招標(biao)或者(zhe)中標(biao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)因(yin)(yin)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)包(bao)、違法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)分包(bao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)簽(qian)(qian)訂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，應當依(yi)據(ju)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)典(dian)第一(yi)(yi)百五十(shi)三(san)(san)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)第一(yi)(yi)款(kuan)及第七(qi)百九十(shi)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)第二(er)款(kuan)、第三(san)(san)款(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)無(wu)(wu)(wu)效(xiao)(xiao)。”依(yi)該規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，簽(qian)(qian)訂建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)為(wei)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)相(xiang)對(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，不(bu)管是(shi)出借(jie)(jie)資(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)還(huan)是(shi)其他(ta)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)，僅涉及合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，并(bing)沒有(you)(you)因(yin)(yin)出借(jie)(jie)資(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)就不(bu)能起(qi)訴(su)發(fa)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，結算工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)款(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制(zhi)性(xing)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。即(ji)便是(shi)《最(zui)高人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)(guan)于(yu)審(shen)理(li)(li)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)糾(jiu)紛案(an)件適用(yong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解釋》第四(si)十(shi)三(san)(san)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，實(shi)際(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)可以突破(po)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)相(xiang)對(dui)性(xing)，起(qi)訴(su)發(fa)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、違法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)分包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，亦未(wei)(wei)否定(ding)(ding)(ding)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)基于(yu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)起(qi)訴(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權利(li)(li)。故(gu)雖然在另案(an)判決(jue)中認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)仇某(mou)(mou)(mou)軍是(shi)案(an)涉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及莘(xin)(xin)(xin)縣(xian)(xian)某(mou)(mou)(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)出借(jie)(jie)資(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)實(shi)，但不(bu)能就此否定(ding)(ding)(ding)莘(xin)(xin)(xin)縣(xian)(xian)某(mou)(mou)(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)作(zuo)為(wei)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)提起(qi)訴(su)訟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權利(li)(li)。至于(yu)案(an)涉合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)效(xiao)(xiao)力，承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)主(zhu)張工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)款(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)訴(su)請(qing)能否得到支(zhi)持，則(ze)屬于(yu)實(shi)體審(shen)理(li)(li)范疇。原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)審(shen)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)以莘(xin)(xin)(xin)縣(xian)(xian)某(mou)(mou)(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)不(bu)是(shi)案(an)涉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)際(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)由認(ren)(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)莘(xin)(xin)(xin)縣(xian)(xian)某(mou)(mou)(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)與(yu)(yu)本(ben)(ben)案(an)無(wu)(wu)(wu)利(li)(li)害關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，否定(ding)(ding)(ding)莘(xin)(xin)(xin)縣(xian)(xian)某(mou)(mou)(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)訴(su)權沒有(you)(you)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)依(yi)據(ju)。再(zai)次，從權利(li)(li)義(yi)務關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)上，根據(ju)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)相(xiang)對(dui)性(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)，莘(xin)(xin)(xin)縣(xian)(xian)某(mou)(mou)(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)作(zuo)為(wei)名義(yi)簽(qian)(qian)訂合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)要對(dui)外承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)事(shi)責任(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風險(xian)，另案(an)四(si)起(qi)生效(xiao)(xiao)判決(jue)中將莘(xin)(xin)(xin)縣(xian)(xian)某(mou)(mou)(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)作(zuo)為(wei)被告(gao)(gao)并(bing)且判決(jue)其對(dui)案(an)涉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)欠款(kuan)承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)民(min)事(shi)責任(ren)，并(bing)實(shi)際(ji)執行莘(xin)(xin)(xin)縣(xian)(xian)某(mou)(mou)(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)400余萬元(yuan)。顯然，莘(xin)(xin)(xin)縣(xian)(xian)某(mou)(mou)(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)與(yu)(yu)本(ben)(ben)案(an)具(ju)有(you)(you)直接利(li)(li)害關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)審(shen)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)以莘(xin)(xin)(xin)縣(xian)(xian)某(mou)(mou)(mou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)不(bu)是(shi)實(shi)際(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)而(er)與(yu)(yu)本(ben)(ben)案(an)無(wu)(wu)(wu)利(li)(li)害關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，不(bu)具(ju)備(bei)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)告(gao)(gao)主(zhu)體資(zi)(zi)(zi)格，不(bu)符合(he)(he)(he)(he)民(min)事(shi)權利(li)(li)義(yi)務相(xiang)一(yi)(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)。
綜上，莘縣某建設(she)(she)公司(si)關于本案應予受理的再審請求成立。原審裁(cai)定(ding)駁回莘縣某建設(she)(she)公司(si)的起訴，適用法(fa)律錯誤，法(fa)院予以糾正。
裁判要旨
1.根據合同相對(dui)性原(yuan)則(ze)，簽訂合同的(de)承包人對(dui)外(wai)有(you)承擔民事責任的(de)風險，其與本案具(ju)有(you)法律上的(de)利害關系，享有(you)法律規定的(de)原(yuan)告主體資格。
2.另(ling)案生(sheng)效(xiao)判(pan)決已(yi)判(pan)令承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)對案涉工(gong)(gong)程的(de)相關欠款承(cheng)擔民(min)事(shi)責任，并已(yi)實(shi)際(ji)執行。原(yuan)審法(fa)院認(ren)定承(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)不是實(shi)際(ji)施工(gong)(gong)人(ren)與本案無利害關系，缺乏事(shi)實(shi)與法(fa)律依據，不符合民(min)事(shi)權利義務相一致的(de)公平原(yuan)則。
3.法律規(gui)定(ding)并未有就出借資質的(de)(de)承包人的(de)(de)訴權問(wen)題作出禁止性規(gui)定(ding)。《最(zui)高人民(min)法院關于審理(li)建設工(gong)程施工(gong)合同(tong)糾紛案件(jian)適用(yong)法律問(wen)題的(de)(de)解(jie)釋》第(di)四(si)十三條(tiao)突破合同(tong)相對性原則，賦予實(shi)際施工(gong)人直接起(qi)訴發包人的(de)(de)權利。該條(tiao)款是(shi)為實(shi)際施工(gong)人提供的(de)(de)特殊(shu)救(jiu)濟途(tu)徑，該例外情形并未否定(ding)承包人基于合同(tong)提起(qi)訴訟的(de)(de)權利。
關聯索引
《中華(hua)人民共和(he)國民事訴訟法》第(di)122條(tiao)（本案適用的是2022年(nian)1月1日施(shi)行的《中華(hua)人民共和(he)國民事訴訟》第(di)122條(tiao)）
一(yi)審：山東省聊城市(shi)中級人民法院（2020）魯(lu)15民初18號民事(shi)裁定（2020年(nian)8月26日）
二審：山東省高(gao)級(ji)人(ren)民法院（2020）魯民終2732號民事裁定（2020年10月30日）
再(zai)審：最(zui)高人民(min)法(fa)院(yuan)（2022）最(zui)高法(fa)民(min)再(zai)96號民(min)事裁(cai)定(ding)（2022年6月27日）
